新型扫雷装药爆炸场特性分析及应用

基于爆破法扫雷爆破筒扫雷作用原理,设计了8.2 kg一次引爆型固态FAE扫雷装置。通过改变起爆位置和设置方式,多次野外近地面爆炸试验,采用反射压力传感器在装药正向与侧向离爆点不同位置进行压力测试,同时在正向测线压力传感器的对应位置设置某型防步兵地雷,得到爆炸场不同位置处的爆炸参数以及防步兵雷扫雷范围。结果表明:水平设置扫雷装药的扫雷范围明显大于垂直设置的装药,最佳炸高约为0.60 m;且其爆炸场正压区作用时间曲线呈“V”形,产物作用范围达63倍装药半径,与等当量的TNT的作用时间有明显的优势;本装置的扫雷范围约为目前扫雷爆破筒爆破扫雷范围的1.8～3.85倍,正向可靠扫雷范围可达其装药半径的77倍,侧向达69倍。由于该装药爆炸作用区域正压作用时间明显加长,因此有利于各种地雷的清除,是一种潜在高效的爆破法扫雷装药。     

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim mesoscopic reaction rate model and experiment for shock initiation of melt-cast explosives

A melt-cast Duan-Zhang-Kim (DZK) mesoscopic reaction rate model is developed for the shock initiation of melt-cast explosives based on the pore collapse hot-spot ignition mechanism. A series of shock initiation experiments was performed for the Comp B melt-cast explosive to estimate effects of the loading pressure and the particle size of granular explosive component, and the mesoscopic model is validated against the experimental data. Further numerical simulations indicate that the initial density and formula proportion greatly affect the hot-spot ignition of melt-cast explosives.     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.     

Numerical study on the case effect of a bomb air explosion

When considering the bomb explosion damage effect, the air shock wave and high-speed fragments of the bomb case are two major threats. In experiments, the air shock wave was studied by the bare ex-plosives superseding the real cased bomb; in contrast, the bomb case influence was ignored to reduce risk. The air explosion simulations of the MK84 warhead with and without the case were conducted. The numerical simulation results showed that the bomb case significantly influenced the shock wave generated by the bomb: the spatial distribution of shock wave in the near field changed, and the peak value of shock wave was reduced. Breakage of the case and kinetic energy of the fragmentation consumed 3 and 38% of the explosion energy, respectively. The increasing factors of the peak over-pressure induced by the bare explosive on the ground and in the air were 1.43-3.04 and 1.37-1.57, respectively. Four typical stages of case breakage were defined. The mass distribution of the fragments follows the Mott distribution. The initial velocity distribution of the fragments agreed well with the Gurney equation.     

双酚A环氧树脂改性二氧化双环戊二烯体系固化动力学分析及其性能研究

二氧化双环戊二烯(CDR -0122)环氧树脂固化物的耐热性较好,但脆性大.采用不同质量分数的环氧(E -51)改性CDR -0122.对不同的改性体系进行DSC分析,确定其活化能、反应级数和最佳固化工艺.对改性的CDR - 0122环氧树脂固化物进行力学性能和耐温性能测试.结果表明:当加入E-51的质量分数为30％时,CDR -0122的树脂体系的综合性能最优.相比改性前,改性后的树脂体系活化能略有下降,并且其拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了52.38％和54.77％,但玻璃化转变温度略有下降.     

弹丸对钢管混凝土结构冲击效应的数值模拟

为将模块化设计钢管混凝土结构用于防御工事的构建,进行20 mm口径弹丸垂直侵彻混凝土结构和不同钢管混凝土结构的数值模拟,对比不同结构的抗冲击性能,分析钢管混凝土结构抗冲击性能提高的机理.结果表明,正六边形钢管混凝土结构抗冲击性能良好,兼容了金属和混凝土材料的优点,克服了混凝土材料的脆性以及金属材料容易发生局部屈曲的缺点,为防御工事结构的改进提供了理论基础和参考依据.     

无伞末敏子弹大攻角非线性空气动力和力矩模型

以无伞末敏子弹为背景,分析了描述大攻角飞行弹丸横向运动和角运动的运动变量,建立了大攻角情况下弹丸所受非线性空气动力和空气动力矩的模型,推导出了复数形式的弹丸横向运动与角运动方程。数值积分计算表明,弹丸在特定非线性空气动力和力矩作用下,能够形成所需形式的扫描运动,证明所建力学模型正确合理,可以用于无伞末敏子弹动力学特性的分析与计算。     

Explosion temperature mapping of emulsion explosives containing TiH2 powders with the two-color pyrometer technique

In the study, the two-color pyrometer technique was used to measure the transient temperature field of emulsion explosives with different contents of TiH₂ powders. The experimental results showed that the introduction of TiH₂ powders could significantly increase the explosion temperature and fireball duration of emulsion explosive. When emulsion explosives were ignited, the average explosion temperature of pure emulsion explosive continuously decreased while emulsion explosives added with TiH₂ powders increased at first and then decreased. When the content of TiH₂ powders was 6 mass%, the explosion average temperature reached its maximum value of 3095 K, increasing by 43.7% as compared with that of pure emulsion explosive. In addition, the results of air blast experiment and explosion heat test showed that the variation trends of shock wave parameters, explosion heat and theoretical explosion temperature of emulsion explosives with different contents of TiH₂ powders were basically consistent with that of explosion temperature measured by the two-color pyrometer technique. In conclusion, the two-color pyrometer technique would be conducive to the formula design of emulsion explosive by understanding the explosion temperature characteristics.     

预制缺陷柱壳结构的等效裂纹分析方法

针对传统有限元法在分析预制缺陷柱壳时出现的应力/应变计算精度不足、无法有效指导工程实践的问题,提出了一种具有高冗余度的等效裂纹分析方法。将预制缺陷视作典型裂纹,基于奇异裂纹元法对其进行裂纹稳定性分析,并根据稳定性分析结果来评估预制缺陷柱壳的结构完整性。通过该方法得到的分析结果具有比常规有限元分析更高的可靠性,对于导弹线式爆炸分离装置等工作环境恶劣、风险系数较高的预制缺陷柱壳结构而言,该方法有助于提升其设计的安全裕度,具有一定的工程实用性。